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1 wrought-iron bridge
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > wrought-iron bridge
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2 wrought-iron bridge
Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > wrought-iron bridge
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3 wrought-iron bridge
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4 bridge
1) мост; мостовой переход; путепровод; эстакада || наводить мост; строить мост, путепровод или эстакаду2) измерительный мост; мостовая схема || соединять мостом3) эл. параллельное присоединение; шунт; мостик; перемычка || шунтировать; соединять перемычкой4) перемычка; перегородка5) горн. полок6) горн. затягивать кровлю7) пробка, мост ( в скважине)8) хим. мостиковая связь; мостик10) хомут; скоба12) радио промежуточный преобразователь13) эл. развязывающее устройство14) переход, связка ( в радиовещательной передаче); музыкальная вставка, музыкальная связка15) судовой мостик16) полигр. перемычка высекального штампа19) перекрывать (напр. пролёт здания)•to bridge a river — строить мост через реку;to launch bridge — наводить мост;to bridge over span of 100 m — перекрывать 100-метровый пролёт;to put on ( up) bridge — наводить мост-
ac bridge
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air bridge
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aluminum bridge
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aqueduct bridge
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arch bridge
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balance bridge
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balanced bridge
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bascule bridge
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beam bridge
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boarding bridge
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boat bridge
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bowstring arch bridge
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bowstring bridge
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box bridge
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box-girder bridge
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canal bridge
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cantilever bridge
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capacitance bridge
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captain's bridge
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carburetor bridge
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cast iron bridge
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coal-yard bridge
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combination bridge
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combined bridge
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composite bridge
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concrete bridge
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conductance bridge
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conference bridge
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conning bridge
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continuous bridge
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continuous truss bridge
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conveyor bridge
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counterpoise bridge
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crescent-type arch bridge
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cryogenic temperature bridge
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curved bridge
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dc bridge
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decade bridge
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deck bridge
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deck-girder bridge
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dial bridge
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differential bridge
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docking bridge
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double bridge
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double-deck bridge
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double-leaf bascule bridge
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double-leaf swing bridge
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double-track bridge
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dredging bridge
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electrolytic bridge
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emergency bridge
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epoxy bridge
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equal-arm bridge
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fixed bridge
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floating bridge
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fore-and-aft bridge
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frame bridge
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frequency bridge
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girder bridge
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half-through bridge
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high-resistance bridge
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highway bridge
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holding bridge
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immittance bridge
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impedance bridge
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inductance bridge
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Kelvin bridge
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lift bridge
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loading bridge
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magnetic bridge
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masonry bridge
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metal bridge
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movable bridge
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multiple-arch bridge
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multiple-span bridge
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multiplex bridge
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mutual-inductance bridge
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navigating bridge
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ohmic bridge
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out-of-balance bridge
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pedestrian bridge
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phase-shift bridge
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pile bridge
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pilot bridge
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pivot bridge
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pontoon bridge
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pontoon swing bridge
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raft bridge
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railway bridge
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rectifier bridge
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refractory bridge
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reinforced-concrete bridge
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resistance bridge
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resonance bridge
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right bridge
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rigid-frame bridge
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rolling bridge
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running bridge
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Schering bridge
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seizure bridge
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self-anchored suspension bridge
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signal bridge
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simple-span bridge
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single-arch bridge
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single-leaf bascule bridge
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single-leaf swing bridge
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single-span bridge
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single-track bridge
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skew bridge
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slab bridge
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slide-wire bridge
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square bridge
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steel bridge
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stiffened suspension bridge
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straight bridge
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strain gage bridge
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sulfur bridge
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superconducting bridge
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suspension bridge
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swing bridge
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thermistor bridge
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Thomson bridge
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through bridge
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thyristor bridge
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timber bridge
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torque bridge
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transconductance bridge
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traversing bridge
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trestle bridge
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truss bridge
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turn bridge
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unbalanced bridge
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unstiffened suspension bridge
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vertical-lift bridge
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water-conduit bridge
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Wheatstone bridge
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wire bridge
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wood bridge
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wrought-iron bridge
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5 iron
1. noun1) ((also adjective) (of) an element that is the most common metal, is very hard, and is widely used for making tools etc: Steel is made from iron; The ground is as hard as iron; iron railings; iron determination (= very strong determination).) hierro2) (a flat-bottomed instrument that is heated up and used for smoothing clothes etc: I've burnt a hole in my dress with the iron.) plancha3) (a type of golf-club.) palo de hierro
2. verb(to smooth (clothes etc) with an iron: This dress needs to be ironed; I've been ironing all afternoon.) planchar- ironing- irons
- ironing-board
- ironmonger
- ironmongery
- have several
- too many irons in the fire
- iron out
- strike while the iron is hot
iron1 adj de hierroiron2 n1. hierro2. planchairon3 vb planchartr['aɪən]1 (metal) hierro2 (appliance) plancha3 (for golf) hierro, palo de hierro1 de hierro1 (clothes) planchar1 planchar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto have an iron constitution ser de hierro, tener una salud de hierroto have a will of iron / have an iron will tener una voluntad de hierroto have many irons in the fire tener muchas cosas entre manosto put/clap somebody in irons encadenar a alguiento strike while the iron is hot lo mejor es actuar de inmediatoIron Age Edad de HierroIron Cross cruz nombre femenino de hierroIron Curtain telón nombre masculino de aceroiron foundry fundición nombre femenino (de hierro)iron grey gris oscuroiron lung pulmón nombre masculino de aceroiron maiden dama de hierroiron ore mineral nombre masculino de hierroiron ['aɪərn] v: planchariron n1) : hierro m, fierro ma will of iron: una voluntad de hierro, una voluntad férrea2) : plancha f (para planchar la ropa)adj.• de hierro adj.• férreo, -a adj.n.• hierro s.m.• plancha s.f.n.m.• hierro (Química) s.m.v.• herrar v.• planchar v.
I 'aɪərn, 'aɪən1) ua) ( metal) hierro m, fierro m (AmL)as hard as iron — (duro) como el acero
the ground will be as hard as iron after all this frost — la tierra va a estar como piedra después de esta helada
to strike while the iron is hot: there's nothing like striking while the iron's hot lo mejor es actuar de inmediato; (before n) the Iron Age — la Edad de Hierro
b) ( in food) hierro m2) ( for clothes) plancha f3)a) ( branding iron) hierro m de marcarto have several/too many irons in the fire — tener* varias/demasiadas cosas entre manos
b) ( golf club) hierro mc) ( gun) (AmE sl) pistola f, pusca f (Esp arg)
II
a) ( made of iron) de hierrob) ( strong) (before n) < constitution> de hierro, fuerte como un roble; <will/resolve> férreo, de hierro
III
transitive/intransitive verb plancharPhrasal Verbs:- iron out['aɪǝn]1. N1) (=metal) hierro m, fierro m (LAm)corrugated iron — chapa f ondulada
with an iron hand or fist — con mano de hierro
a will of iron — una voluntad férrea or de hierro
- have a lot of/too many irons in the fire- strike while the iron is hotto put or clap sb in irons — poner grilletes or grillos a algn, aherrojar a algn
3) (Golf) hierro m4) (for ironing clothes) plancha f5) (for branding) hierro m candente6) * (=gun) pistola f2.VT [+ clothes] planchar3.VI [person] planchar4.CPD [bridge, bar, tool] de hierro, de fierro (LAm); (fig) [will, determination] férreoIron Cross N — cruz f de hierro
the Iron Curtain N — (Hist) (Pol) el telón de acero, la cortina de hierro (LAm)
iron foundry N — fundición f, fundidora f (LAm)
the Iron Lady N — (Brit) (Pol) la Dama de Hierro
iron lung N — (Med) pulmón m de acero
iron oxide N — óxido m de hierro
iron pyrites N — pirita f ferruginosa
iron rations NPL — ración f or víveres mpl de reserva
- iron out* * *
I ['aɪərn, 'aɪən]1) ua) ( metal) hierro m, fierro m (AmL)as hard as iron — (duro) como el acero
the ground will be as hard as iron after all this frost — la tierra va a estar como piedra después de esta helada
to strike while the iron is hot: there's nothing like striking while the iron's hot lo mejor es actuar de inmediato; (before n) the Iron Age — la Edad de Hierro
b) ( in food) hierro m2) ( for clothes) plancha f3)a) ( branding iron) hierro m de marcarto have several/too many irons in the fire — tener* varias/demasiadas cosas entre manos
b) ( golf club) hierro mc) ( gun) (AmE sl) pistola f, pusca f (Esp arg)
II
a) ( made of iron) de hierrob) ( strong) (before n) < constitution> de hierro, fuerte como un roble; <will/resolve> férreo, de hierro
III
transitive/intransitive verb plancharPhrasal Verbs:- iron out -
6 мост с пролётными строениями из сварочного железа
Engineering: wrought-iron bridgeУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > мост с пролётными строениями из сварочного железа
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7 fer
fer [fεʀ]1. masculine nouna. ( = métal) iron2. compounds* * *fɛʀ
1.
nom masculin1) ( métal) iron2) figde fer — [discipline, volonté] iron (épith)
3) ( de chaussure) steel tip; ( pour marquer) branding iron; ( de relieur) blocking tool5) ( train) rail transport
2.
fers (dated) nom masculin pluriel1) Médecine forceps2) ( de prisonnier) ironsêtre dans les fers — lit to be in irons; fig to be in chains
•Phrasal Verbs:••il faut battre le fer pendant or tant qu'il est chaud — Proverbe strike while the iron is hot
* * *fɛʀ1. nm1) (= métal) ironen fer; de fer — iron
2) (= outil) iron2. fers nmpl1)mettre aux fers (= enchaîner) — to put in chains, to put in irons
2) MÉDECINE forceps* * *A nm2 ( métal quelconque) metal;3 fig de fer [discipline, poigne, volonté] iron; diriger d'une main de fer to rule with a rod of iron; avoir une santé de fer to have an iron constitution;4 ( objet) ( de chaussure) steel tip; ( pour marquer) branding iron; ( de relieur) blocking tool; marquer un animal au fer (rouge) to brand an animal;B fers† nmpl1 Méd forceps;2 ( de prisonnier) irons; mettre un prisonnier aux fers to clap a prisoner in irons; être dans les fers lit to be in irons; fig to be in chains.fer (à cheval) horseshoe; mettre un fer à un cheval to shoe a horse; en fer à cheval horseshoe-shaped; fer forgé wrought iron; fer à friser curling iron; fer à gaufrer hair crimper; fer de lance lit, fig spearhead; le fer de lance de l'industrie française the spearhead of French industry; fer à repasser ( domestique) iron; ( pour carte de paiement) manual imprinter (for credit card transactions); donner un (petit) coup de fer à qch to run the iron over sth; fer (à repasser) à vapeur steam iron; fer à souder soldering iron; fer à tuyauter goffering iron.s'imposer par le fer et le feu to conquer by fire and the sword; croire dur comme fer to believe wholeheartedly; il faut battre le fer pendant or tant qu'il est chaud Prov strike while the iron is hot; tomber les quatre fers en l'air to fall flat on one's back.[fɛr] nom masculin3. [dans les aliments] iron (substantif non comptable)4. [barre] (iron) bar5. [lame] blade6. [pour repassage]7. [instrument]8. [de chaussure] metal tip9. [de golf] iron (substantif comptable)10. RAILle fer rail, the railway system, the railways11. (littéraire) [épée] blade————————fers nom masculin pluriel————————de fer locution adjectivale[moral, santé] cast-iron (modificateur)[discipline, volonté] iron (modificateur)fer à cheval nom masculin -
8 Kirkaldy, David
[br]b. 4 April 1820 Mayfield, Dundee, Scotlandd. 25 January 1897 London, England[br]Scottish engineer and pioneer in materials testing.[br]The son of a merchant of Dundee, Kirkaldy was educated there, then at Merchiston Castle School, Edinburgh, and at Edinburgh University. For a while he worked in his father's office, but with a preference for engineering, in 1843 he commenced an apprenticeship at the Glasgow works of Robert Napier. After four years in the shops he was transferred to the drawing office and in a very few years rose to become Chief. Here Kirkaldy demonstrated a remarkable talent both for the meticulous recording of observations and data and for technical drawing. His work also had an aesthetic appeal and four of his drawings of Napier steamships were shown at the Paris Exhibition of 1855, earning both Napier and Kirkaldy a medal. His "as fitted" set of drawings of the Cunard Liner Persia, which had been built in 1855, is now in the possession of the National Maritime Museum at Greenwich, London; it is regarded as one of the finest examples of its kind in the world, and has even been exhibited at the Royal Academy in London.With the impending order for the Royal Naval Ironclad Black Prince (sister ship to HMS Warrior, now preserved at Portsmouth) and for some high-pressure marine boilers and engines, there was need for a close scientific analysis of the physical properties of iron and steel. Kirkaldy, now designated Chief Draughtsman and Calculator, was placed in charge of this work, which included comparisons of puddled steel and wrought iron, using a simple lever-arm testing machine. The tests lasted some three years and resulted in Kirkaldy's most important publication, Experiments on Wrought Iron and Steel (1862, London), which gained him wide recognition for his careful and thorough work. Napier's did not encourage him to continue testing; but realizing the growing importance of materials testing, Kirkaldy resigned from the shipyard in 1861. For the next two and a half years Kirkaldy worked on the design of a massive testing machine that was manufactured in Leeds and installed in premises in London, at The Grove, Southwark.The works was open for trade in January 1866 and engineers soon began to bring him specimens for testing on the great machine: Joseph Cubitt (son of William Cubitt) brought him samples of the materials for the new Blackfriars Bridge, which was then under construction. Soon The Grove became too cramped and Kirkaldy moved to 99 Southwark Street, reopening in January 1874. In the years that followed, Kirkaldy gained a worldwide reputation for rigorous and meticulous testing and recording of results, coupled with the highest integrity. He numbered the most distinguished engineers of the time among his clients.After Kirkaldy's death, his son William George, whom he had taken into partnership, carried on the business. When the son died in 1914, his widow took charge until her death in 1938, when the grandson David became proprietor. He sold out to Treharne \& Davies, chemical consultants, in 1965, but the works finally closed in 1974. The future of the premises and the testing machine at first seemed threatened, but that has now been secured and the machine is once more in working order. Over almost one hundred years of trading in South London, the company was involved in many famous enquiries, including the analysis of the iron from the ill-fated Tay Bridge (see Bouch, Sir Thomas).[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsInstitution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland Gold Medal 1864.Bibliography1862, Results of an Experimental Inquiry into the Tensile Strength and Other Properties of Wrought Iron and Steel (originally presented as a paper to the 1860–1 session of the Scottish Shipbuilders' Association).Further ReadingD.P.Smith, 1981, "David Kirkaldy (1820–97) and engineering materials testing", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 52:49–65 (a clear and well-documented account).LRD / FMW -
9 Roebling, John Augustus
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. 12 July 1806 Muhlhausen, Prussiad. 22 July 1869 Brooklyn, New York, USA[br]German/American bridge engineer and builder.[br]The son of Polycarp Roebling, a tobacconist, he studied mathematics at Dr Unger's Pedagogium in Erfurt and went on to the Royal Polytechnic Institute in Berlin, from which he graduated in 1826 with honours in civil engineering. He spent the next three years working for the Prussian government on the construction of roads and bridges. With his brother and a group of friends, he emigrated to the United States, sailing from Bremen on 23 May 1831 and docking in Philadelphia eleven weeks later. They bought 7,000 acres (2,800 hectares) in Butler County, western Pennsylvania, and established a village, at first called Germania but later known as Saxonburg. Roebling gave up trying to establish himself as a farmer and found work for the state of Pennsylvania as Assistant Engineer on the Beaver River canal and others, then surveying a railroad route across the Allegheny Mountains. During his canal work, he noted the failings of the hemp ropes that were in use at that time, and recalled having read of wire ropes in a German journal; he built a rope-walk at his Saxonburg farm, bought a supply of iron wire and trained local labour in the method of wire twisting.At this time, many canals crossed rivers by means of aqueducts. In 1844, the Pennsylvania Canal aqueduct across the Allegheny River was due to be renewed, having become unsafe. Roebling made proposals which were accepted by the canal company: seven wooden spans of 162 ft (49 m) each were supported on either side by a 7 in. (18 cm) diameter cable, Roebling himself having to devise all the machinery required for the erection. He subsequently built four more suspension aqueducts, one of which was converted to a toll bridge and was still in use a century later.In 1849 he moved to Trenton, New Jersey, where he set up a new wire rope plant. In 1851 he started the construction (completed in 1855) of an 821 ft (250 m) long suspension railroad bridge across the Niagara River, 245 ft (75 m) above the rapids; each cable consisted of 3,640 wrought iron wires. A lower deck carried road traffic. He also constructed a bridge across the Ohio River between Cincinnati and Covington, a task which was much protracted due to the Civil War; this bridge was finally completed in 1866.Roebling's crowning achievement was to have been the design and construction of the bridge over the Hudson River between Brooklyn and Staten Island, New York, but he did not live to see its completion. It had a span of 1,595 ft (486 m), designed to bear a load of 18,700 tons (19,000 tonnes) with a headroom of 135 ft (41 m). The work of building had barely started when, at the Brooklyn wharf, a boat crushed Roebling's foot against the timbering and he died of tetanus three weeks later. His son, Washington Augustus Roebling, then took charge of this great work.[br]Further ReadingD.B.Steinman and S.R.Watson, 1941, Bridges and their Builders, New York: Dover Books.D.McCullough, 1982, The Great Bridge: The Epic Story of the Building of the Brooklyn Bridge, New York: Simon \& Schuster.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Roebling, John Augustus
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10 Whipple, Squire
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering[br]b. 1804 Hardwick, Massachusetts, USAd. 15 March 1888 Albany, New York, USA[br]American civil engineer, author and inventor.[br]The son of James and Electa Whipple, his father was a farmer and later the owner of a small cotton mil at Hardwick, Massachusetts. In 1817 Squire Whipple moved with his family to Otego County, New York. He helped on the farm and attended the academy at Fairfield, Herkimer County. For a time he taught school pupils, and in 1829 he entered Union College, Schenectady, where he received the degree of AB in 1830; his interest in engineering was probably aroused by the construction of the Erie Canal near his home during his boyhood. He was first employed in a minor capacity in surveys for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and for the Erie Canal. In 1836–7 he was resident engineer for a division of the New York and Erie Railroad and was also employed in a number of other railroad and canal surveys, making surveying instruments in the intervals between these appointments; in 1840, he completed a lock for weighing canal boats.Whipple received his first bridge patent on 24 April 1841; this was for a truss of arched upper chord made of cast and wrought iron. Five years later, he devised a trapezoidal truss which was used in the building of many bridges over the succeeding generation. In 1852–3 Whipple used his truss in an iron railroad bridge of 44.5 m (146 ft) span on the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad. He also built a number of bridges with lifting spans.Whipple's main contribution to bridge engineering was the publication in 1847 of A Work on Bridge Building. In 1869 he issued a continuation of this treatise, and a fourth edition of both was published in 1883.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsHonorary Member, American Society of Civil Engineers.IMcN -
11 Stephenson, Robert
[br]b. 16 October 1803 Willington Quay, Northumberland, Englandd. 12 October 1859 London, England[br]English engineer who built the locomotive Rocket and constructed many important early trunk railways.[br]Robert Stephenson's father was George Stephenson, who ensured that his son was educated to obtain the theoretical knowledge he lacked himself. In 1821 Robert Stephenson assisted his father in his survey of the Stockton \& Darlington Railway and in 1822 he assisted William James in the first survey of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway. He then went to Edinburgh University for six months, and the following year Robert Stephenson \& Co. was named after him as Managing Partner when it was formed by himself, his father and others. The firm was to build stationary engines, locomotives and railway rolling stock; in its early years it also built paper-making machinery and did general engineering.In 1824, however, Robert Stephenson accepted, perhaps in reaction to an excess of parental control, an invitation by a group of London speculators called the Colombian Mining Association to lead an expedition to South America to use steam power to reopen gold and silver mines. He subsequently visited North America before returning to England in 1827 to rejoin his father as an equal and again take charge of Robert Stephenson \& Co. There he set about altering the design of steam locomotives to improve both their riding and their steam-generating capacity. Lancashire Witch, completed in July 1828, was the first locomotive mounted on steel springs and had twin furnace tubes through the boiler to produce a large heating surface. Later that year Robert Stephenson \& Co. supplied the Stockton \& Darlington Railway with a wagon, mounted for the first time on springs and with outside bearings. It was to be the prototype of the standard British railway wagon. Between April and September 1829 Robert Stephenson built, not without difficulty, a multi-tubular boiler, as suggested by Henry Booth to George Stephenson, and incorporated it into the locomotive Rocket which the three men entered in the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway's Rainhill Trials in October. Rocket, was outstandingly successful and demonstrated that the long-distance steam railway was practicable.Robert Stephenson continued to develop the locomotive. Northumbrian, built in 1830, had for the first time, a smokebox at the front of the boiler and also the firebox built integrally with the rear of the boiler. Then in Planet, built later the same year, he adopted a layout for the working parts used earlier by steam road-coach pioneer Goldsworthy Gurney, placing the cylinders, for the first time, in a nearly horizontal position beneath the smokebox, with the connecting rods driving a cranked axle. He had evolved the definitive form for the steam locomotive.Also in 1830, Robert Stephenson surveyed the London \& Birmingham Railway, which was authorized by Act of Parliament in 1833. Stephenson became Engineer for construction of the 112-mile (180 km) railway, probably at that date the greatest task ever undertaken in of civil engineering. In this he was greatly assisted by G.P.Bidder, who as a child prodigy had been known as "The Calculating Boy", and the two men were to be associated in many subsequent projects. On the London \& Birmingham Railway there were long and deep cuttings to be excavated and difficult tunnels to be bored, notoriously at Kilsby. The line was opened in 1838.In 1837 Stephenson provided facilities for W.F. Cooke to make an experimental electrictelegraph installation at London Euston. The directors of the London \& Birmingham Railway company, however, did not accept his recommendation that they should adopt the electric telegraph and it was left to I.K. Brunel to instigate the first permanent installation, alongside the Great Western Railway. After Cooke formed the Electric Telegraph Company, Stephenson became a shareholder and was Chairman during 1857–8.Earlier, in the 1830s, Robert Stephenson assisted his father in advising on railways in Belgium and came to be increasingly in demand as a consultant. In 1840, however, he was almost ruined financially as a result of the collapse of the Stanhope \& Tyne Rail Road; in return for acting as Engineer-in-Chief he had unwisely accepted shares, with unlimited liability, instead of a fee.During the late 1840s Stephenson's greatest achievements were the design and construction of four great bridges, as part of railways for which he was responsible. The High Level Bridge over the Tyne at Newcastle and the Royal Border Bridge over the Tweed at Berwick were the links needed to complete the East Coast Route from London to Scotland. For the Chester \& Holyhead Railway to cross the Menai Strait, a bridge with spans as long-as 460 ft (140 m) was needed: Stephenson designed them as wrought-iron tubes of rectangular cross-section, through which the trains would pass, and eventually joined the spans together into a tube 1,511 ft (460 m) long from shore to shore. Extensive testing was done beforehand by shipbuilder William Fairbairn to prove the method, and as a preliminary it was first used for a 400 ft (122 m) span bridge at Conway.In 1847 Robert Stephenson was elected MP for Whitby, a position he held until his death, and he was one of the exhibition commissioners for the Great Exhibition of 1851. In the early 1850s he was Engineer-in-Chief for the Norwegian Trunk Railway, the first railway in Norway, and he also built the Alexandria \& Cairo Railway, the first railway in Africa. This included two tubular bridges with the railway running on top of the tubes. The railway was extended to Suez in 1858 and for several years provided a link in the route from Britain to India, until superseded by the Suez Canal, which Stephenson had opposed in Parliament. The greatest of all his tubular bridges was the Victoria Bridge across the River St Lawrence at Montreal: after inspecting the site in 1852 he was appointed Engineer-in-Chief for the bridge, which was 1 1/2 miles (2 km) long and was designed in his London offices. Sadly he, like Brunel, died young from self-imposed overwork, before the bridge was completed in 1859.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1849. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1849. President, Institution of Civil Engineers 1856. Order of St Olaf (Norway). Order of Leopold (Belgium). Like his father, Robert Stephenson refused a knighthood.Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1960, George and Robert Stephenson, London: Longman (a good modern biography).J.C.Jeaffreson, 1864, The Life of Robert Stephenson, London: Longman (the standard nine-teenth-century biography).M.R.Bailey, 1979, "Robert Stephenson \& Co. 1823–1829", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 50 (provides details of the early products of that company).J.Kieve, 1973, The Electric Telegraph, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.PJGR -
12 Hodgkinson, Eaton
[br]b. 26 February 1789 Anderton, Cheshire, Englandd. 18 June 1861 near Manchester, England[br]English engineer who devised d new form of cast-iron girder.[br]Eaton Hodgkinson's father, a farmer, died when he was 6 years old, but his mother was a resourceful woman who set up a business in Salford and ensured that her son received a sound schooling. Most important for his education, however, was his friendship with the Manchester scientific luminary Dr. Dalton, who instructed him in practical mathematics. These studies led Hodgkinson to devise a new form of cast-iron girder, carefully tested by experiments and which was widely adopted for fire-proof structures in the nineteenth century. Following Dalton, Hodgkinson became an active member of the Manchester Philosophical Society, of which he was elected President in 1848. He also became an active member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Hodgkinson's work on cast-iron girders secured him a Fellowship of the Royal Society, and the Royal Medal of the Society, in 1841. It was Hodgkinson also who verified the mathematical value of the pioneering experiments carried out by William Fairbairn for Robert Stephenson's proposed wrought-iron tube structure which, in 1849, became the Britannia Bridge over the Menai Straits. He received a Silver Medal for this work at the Paris Exhibition of 1858. Hodgkinson served as a member of the Royal Commission appointed to enquire into the application of iron to railway structures. In 1847 he was appointed Professor of the Mechanical Principles of Engineering at University College, London, but his health began to fail shortly after. He was elected an Honorary Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1851. Described as "singularly simple and guileless", he was widely admired and respected.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Manchester Philosophical Society 1848. FRS 1841. Royal Society Medal 1841.Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography, London.Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 21:542–5.AB -
13 -work
1) ((the art of making) goods of a particular material: He learns woodwork at school; This shop sells basketwork.)...-arbeiten2) (parts of something, eg a building, made of a particular material: The stonework/woodwork/paintwork needs to be renewed.)...-werk* * *- work[wɜ:k, AM wɜ:rk]1. (of special material) -arbeitmetal/wrought iron\-work Metall-/Kunstschmiedearbeit f2. (of mechanism) -werkbridge\-work Zahnbrücke f3. (of ornamentation) -arbeitembroidery/knot\-work Spitzen-/Knüpfarbeit f -
14 -work
1) ( of special material) -arbeit;2) ( of mechanism) -werk;bridge\-work Zahnbrücke f;sth runs like clock\-work etw läuft wie am Schnürchen ( fam)3) ( of ornamentation) -arbeit;
См. также в других словарях:
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